Antibacterial Activity of Propolis versus Conventional Endodontic Disinfectants against Enterococcus faecalis in Infected Dentinal Tubules.
Guven Kayaoglu, DDS, PhD,* Hu€ma O€mu€rlu€, DDS, PhD,* Gu€l ̧cin Akca, MD, PhD,† Mu€gem Gu€rel, DDS,* O€mu€r Gen ̧cay, BSc,‡ Kadriye Sorkun, PhD,‡ and Bekir Salih, PhD§
Introduction:
The antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis of 2 propolis samples was investigated in a dentin block model, and their effectiveness was compared with that of established endodontic disinfectants, chlorhexidine (CHX) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2].
Methods: Standardized dentin blocks were infected with E. faecalis ATCC 29212. The root canal space was filled with one of the ethanolic extracts of propolis (Artvin or Tekirda!g mix [TM]), CHX 2%, Ca(OH)2, or ethanol or phosphate-buffered saline for control. Canal dentin was sampled after 1 or 7 days by using a standard-size bur. The dentinal shavings were vortexed vigorously in phosphate-buffered saline, and aliquots were cultured on tryptone soy agar plates. Colonies were counted after 2 days of incubation. Statis- tical significance was set to 5%.
Results: All experimental agents significantly reduced the number of the cultivable bacteria. CHX was the most potent disinfectant at both times. Compared with the ethanol control, no significant reduction in the number of colonies was found for the propolis extracts at day 1; however, significant reduction was found at day 7. The 2 propolis samples were statistically similar to each other and to Ca(OH)2, but the TM sample was also similar to CHX at day 7. This has been linked to the greater concentration of flavonoids, a group of antibacterially active compounds, in the TM sample as determined by gas chromatographymass spectrometry analysis.
Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of the propolis samples tested in this study was between Ca(OH)2 and CHX. Both propolis samples were antimicrobially effective; however, their activity did not exceed CHX.
(J Endod 2011;37:376–381)
Key Words
Antimicrobial, bee glue, disinfection, gas chromatogra- phy-mass spectrometry
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